The Gulf War Reasons Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Gulf War Reasons - Research Paper Example The examination paper The Gulf War Reasons discusses the reasons why the United States of America won in the Gulf War through the investigation of the monetary effect of the Gulf War in the United States including agrarian market and energizes. The US prevailing in the war on account of the little opposition it got. The US additionally stood up to Iraqi armed force which was not on the side of the deeds of Saddam Hussein during his system. The Gulf War contributed fundamentally to mental injury. This is confirm by the writing given on the posttraumatic stress issue (PTSD) depicted by the officers who were presented to war. Most of the troopers who had taken an interest in the war lost their homes so as to collect enough cash to pay for their clinical consideration. Furthermore, it is clear that a few officers were presented to exhausted uranium, just as poisonousness from other natural and synthetic materials that were encased in their weapons. Most of the armed forces likewise were influenced by natural contaminants. The financial effect of the Gulf War was extremely critical in the U.S. it prompted the ascent of costs of merchandise just as an expansion in the pace of tax assessment. The America ranchers additionally experience the ill effects of the war; the American ranchers used to offer a great deal of their rice to Iraq. In this manner, the war prompted the loss of market to their rural items. The war additionally prompted the expansion in the cost of the fuel, and subsequently, hampered with the interests in numerous nations.

The Bell Jar (1285 words) Essay Example For Students

The Bell Jar (1285 words) Essay The Bell JarThe Bell Jar Essay put together by Jen Peoples lives are formed through their prosperity and disappointment in their own associations with one another. The creator Sylvia Plath exhibits this in the novel, The Bell Jar. This is the immediate consequence of the loss of help from a friend or family member, the absence of help and consolation, and absence of self-assurance and instability in Esthers life in The Bell Jar. It was formed through her prosperity and disappointments in her own connections among others and herself. Through life, we frequently lose somebody we adored and thought about and upheld us through life. This is exhibited by the passing of a friend or family member when Esthers father kicked the bucket when she was nine. My German talking father, dead since I was nine originated from some hyper burdensome villa in the Prussia. (Sylvia Plath page 27.) Esthers fathers passing had indicated that she needed a dad figure for affection, support and to go about as a model for her life. Esther grew up with just the one impact of a parent, her mom. We will compose a custom paper on The Bell Jar (1285 words) explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now As a rule the passing of a fellowship can be an incredible loss of help and certainty inside our lives since we can lose them until the end of time. This is shown when Buddy Willard Esthers sweetheart separation. He disclosed to me that his yearly fall chest x-beam indicated he had gotten tuberculosisin the Adirondacks (Sylvia Plath pg. 58.) Buddy and Esther separate because of the way that he was not legitimate with her from multiple points of view. He didn't have the mental fortitude to admit to a specific side of his character and not just that Buddy was determined to have a disease however he had different connections beside Esther. In this way Esther encountered another loss of a friend or family member. Inside life, we gain the help from somebody that causes us get past life yet as a rule leaves us when we need them most. This is demonstrated when Doreen; Esthers associate at the displaying magazine starts to lose contact with Esther through life Doreen is dissolving none of them mean anything any longer (Sylvia Plath pg.17) Doreen starts to lose contact with Esther all through life, exactly when Doreen had opened new ways to her. Esther was getting through an exceptionally troublesome time throughout everyday life, when Doreen began floating away from Esther. By and by, Esther encountered the misfortune and backing of an incredible companion and supporter. Ones life is made up by system. You assemble companions and people and in this structure it explains your personality. You understandable and express assessments. You well-spoken and express assessments. In structure and talk, you create standards of conduct and needs and characterize system in wording and dialects. Esther did this in her life. Be that as it may, at that point she overlooked what her identity was. She overlooked her structure of reference and she discusses achievement and disappointments and depression. People, need consolation and backing from adores ones to direct one through life. This is found in the absence of help and consolation showed when Esthers mother neglects to help and empower Esther with her goals. Regardless of what Esther had needed to do with her life, her Mother had constantly needed her to get familiar with the aptitudes of shorthand since she would consistently have that expertise in her life and furthermore that was the one thing her Mother had encountered throughout everyday life. Therefore, her Mother neglected to improve Esther with her goals that she needed from life. We need the food and affirmation from friends and family throughout everyday life, yet in addition from others. This is exhibited when Jay Cee, Esthers present manager asked Esther what she needed to do with her life. Esther didn't have any strong thought regarding what she needed to do with her life. Youll never go anyplace like that. (Sylvia Plath page 27) Esther didn't have the foggiest idea what she particularly needed with her life. Jay Cee expressed to Esther that not having a thought of what she needs, won't get her far in light of the fact that Esther is deficient with regards to a couple of aptitudes. Thusly, Esther did not have the help and supportiveness from her companion and partner. .u01018b15aebc9be4385922b91762ca30 , .u01018b15aebc9be4385922b91762ca30 .postImageUrl , .u01018b15aebc9be4385922b91762ca30 .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u01018b15aebc9be4385922b91762ca30 , .u01018b15aebc9be4385922b91762ca30:hover , .u01018b15aebc9be4385922b91762ca30:visited , .u01018b15aebc9be4385922b91762ca30:active { border:0!important; } .u01018b15aebc9be4385922b91762ca30 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u01018b15aebc9be4385922b91762ca30 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u01018b15aebc9be4385922b91762ca30:active , .u01018b15aebc9be4385922b91762ca30:hover { darkness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u01018b15aebc9be4385922b91762ca30 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u01018b15aebc9be4385922b91762ca30 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .u01018b15aebc9be4385922b91762ca30 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u01018b15aebc9be4385922b91762ca30 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u01018b15aebc9be4385922b91762ca30:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u0101 8b15aebc9be4385922b91762ca30 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u01018b15aebc9be4385922b91762ca30-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u01018b15aebc9be4385922b91762ca30:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: THE POWER OF SPEED ENERGY CONFIDENCE AND STRENGTH EssayThroughout life one additionally needs the inspiration and arrangements from those that impact ones lives. This is shown by Esthers Class Dean who maintained Esther through her secondary school years. I had a method of persuadinginteresting test. (Sylvia Plath page 29.) Her Class Dean bolstered Esther from her perspective and her flourish for realizing which thus, she was granted for her learning by accepting numerous grants. In this way, Esther had the help of her Class Dean so as to assist her with making progress toward greatness throughout everyday life. Before anything or anybody can have a structure, support or an establishment is required. Esthers Mom was her essential establishment. Raised her as a solitary parent from age of nine until adulthood. She guided her through her objectives to progress, and fortify her through her disappointments with help. Jay Cee, Esthers, coach, comprehended her qualities and shortcomings. She could give Esther each chance however neglected to acknowledge Esthers weakness; absence of self-assurance and along these lines couldn't deal with Esther to place her qualities and system into positive vitality to hold up help. Through life, one has a promoter. The Class Dean constantly perceived her hunger for information and bolstered her toward any path Esther wished to learn. Regardless of whether she composed verse, considered a language or followed a specific course, this Class Dean consistently invigorated her the to prevail in her objectives with an establishment. All individuals have quality and shortcomings. Through a portion of our shortcomings we experience it on account of an absence of self-assurance. This is demonstrated when Esther needed to do numerous things with her life yet was not so much positive about herself and her work. What do you have at the top of the priority list I realized it was valid. (Sylvia Plath pg 29). She needed numerous things throughout everyday life however and really needed to be an author or a proofreader yet didn't have the balance in herself and didn't have the certainty to accomplish the work she needed to do. Hence, Esther didn't have the confidence to satisfy her goals throughout everyday life. Esther had presented a paper so as to get into a composing course at a specific school. you didnt make that composing course I had anticipated it. (Sylvia Plath page 93) After discovering that she had not made the composing course, Esther pondered internally; that even before entering the exposition, she realized she would not make the course. Demonstrating that even before entering her exposition for the school, she had no trust in being acknowledged. In the wake of building certainty inside herself, Esther chose to compose a life account utilizing herself as the courageous woman however she felt that she was unable to compose a novel dependent on life since she believed she had not experienced it. How might I expound on lifebaby or even observed anyone bite the dust. (Sylvia Plath pg. 99) Thus, this demonstrates Esther didn't include the fearlessness inside herself to finish her own desire of turning into an author. During an excursion through life one beginnings with an establishment to expand on and settle on system of ones life. So as to continue and keep up life one needs a premise of affection, support, something to think about and life to breath, articulation and experience. On the off chance that a people life is formed and coordinated by the triumphs or disappointments of human relationship, without substance, one should seal up their existence with a vacuum top and live in a glass container. English Essays

Halleck, Henry Wager

Halleck, Henry Wager Halleck, Henry Wager, 1815â€"72, Union general in the American Civil War, b. Oneida co., N.Y., grad. West Point, 1839. He entered the Corps of Engineers and became an expert on fortifications; his Elements of Military Art and Science (1846) was influential in the Civil War. In the Mexican War he served in California, holding various positions in the military government there. Halleck resigned from the army in 1853 and entered the leading law firm of the state. In the Civil War he was made a major general in the regular army (Aug., 1861) and was sent to succeed John C. Frémont in command of the Dept. of the Missouri. In Mar., 1862, the departments of the Ohio and Kansas were added to his jurisdiction. Although he was an able organizer, the prestige that he gained was due to the successes of Ulysses S. Grant , Don Carlos Buell , Samuel R. Curtis , and John Pope â€"all under his command. After Shiloh (Apr., 1862) Halleck took the field himself and advanced on Corinth, which Gene ral Beauregard abandoned to him in May. In July, 1862, he was appointed general in chief with the understanding that he was to remain in Washington as military adviser to the President and the Secretary of War. His failure to act decisively made him ineffective as general in chief, however, and he was grateful when, upon Grant's being given supreme command in Mar., 1864, he was demoted to chief of staff. He remained in the army after the war and held command of the Division of the South at the time of his death. See study by S. E. Ambrose (1962). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Information Security, Minor Assignment - 1575 Words

ITECH 3215 INFORMATION SECURITY MINOR ASSIGNMENT THREAT PROFILING VIVEK CHARY DADUVAI (30312832) Contents Summary 3 Introduction 3 Profile of Threat 3 Profile Completion 4 Situational crime Prevention 4 Law 6 International scope 6 Conclusion 7 Reference 8 Summary Computer security is the security applied to the computers and their networks including the internet. Physical security and information security are the two types of computer securities which prevent theft of equipment and data. (Man, 2015). Security vulnerabilities can be defined as an unintended flaw in the system that leaves opportunity for unauthorized access of malicious software such as viruses, Trojans, worms and other malwares. It can result from bugs in software and weak passwords. These require fixes in order to prevent the integrity of the system compromised by hackers or malwares. Hackers try to steal sensitive data such as corporate or personal information. Introduction The most common operating system, Microsoft Windows is used to connect the systems to the internet and hence contains various vulnerabilities. Internet Explorer, MS-SQL, file serving and message processing services are the most commonly exploited services of the operating system. There is no operating system that does not contains vulnerabilities and exposures and cannot be targeted by the hackers and viruses. The vulnerabilities in Windows are more popular because of the huge number of machines running it. (ZibstevShow MoreRelatedAssignment On Information Security Threats1390 Words   |  6 PagesASSIGNMENT ON INFORMATION SECURITY A ASSIGNMENT SUBMITTED TO ATMC UNIVERSITY IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING ITECH3215 MINOR ASSIGNMENT OF THREAT PROFILING SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY: LECTURER: GOPI AKELLA KAPIL SINGH [30305185] 1. ABSTRACT Information security threats can mainly originateRead MoreCsec 630672 Words   |  3 PagesIndividual Assignment Objective: Assess the security vulnerabilities of an organizations computer/network operating systems along with the techniques used to protect them. Competencies: Critical thinking Instructions: In 10-12 double-spaced pages discuss the following: 1. The relative advantages and disadvantages of at least three different measures used to protect operating systems. 2. The ease of implementation of the measures. 3. The associated security managementRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Global Mobility Of Latin America And The United States1316 Words   |  6 Pages training and employment assignments for the United States and certain countries in Latin America, including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela. Immigration laws differ from country to country. Although the specific names for the visas and the requirements differ, there are common patterns and trends - especially for countries balancing the interest of engaging in global commerce against protecting local labor markets and national security. Treaties and bi-lateral agreementsRead MoreBilling and the Guest Folio1248 Words   |  5 Pages2010). Processing of Arrivals It is important that arrivals are processed quickly and efficiently. This begins at the reservation system. The reservation system should do most of the work of check-in, including gathering all of the pertinent information about the guest. When the guest arrives, the first point of contact should be almost immediate, since the arrival is part of the guests total experience, and is known as a moment of truth that can define the entire stay (MCCNEB, 2010). There shouldRead MoreIS3110 U1L11092 Words   |  5 PagesLab Student Name: Submission Requirements Your last name must be in the filename of your submitted document according the assignment naming standard. IS3110_UL1_Firstname_Lastname Email to: SMichnick@itt-tech.edu Due By: 6:00 PM CDT, Wednesday June 25, 2014 Note: Emails received after Due Date Due Date will be marked LATE and subject to a grade of 0 for the assignment. Pages 3-10 of the IS3220 Student Lab Manual Lab #1 – Part A – List of Risks, Threats, and Vulnerabilities Commonly Found in anRead MoreNotes On Law Office Management952 Words   |  4 PagesMaura Alia Badji LGL 130 Law Office Management and Fall 2014 Week 2 Assignment Instructor Trina Mebane Assignment 2-1 number 2 on page 39. I found several articles on electronic signatures on contracts and other legal documents at Findlaw.com. I also found several position papers and tutorials on the ABA site, which I skimmed, but for the purposes of this assignment I read â€Å"Contracts and Electronic Signatures† (http://smallbusiness.findlaw.com/business-operations/contracts-and-electronic-signaturesRead MoreCase Analysis - Sears1700 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment 1: Preparing a Comprehensive Case Analysis, Part 1 By Angela Rivera Professor Camilla Pugh Strayer University BUS 490 Summer 2012 Assignment 1: Preparing a Comprehensive Case Analysis, Part 1 Due Week 4 and worth 200 points Research a public corporation that you believe is not doing as well as it could in the marketplace. For this first paper, you will complete the first steps of a comprehensive written analysis as described in Part 6 of the textbook. The written analysis willRead MoreThe Army Human Resource System (AHRS)898 Words   |  4 PagesMilitary Personnel Office or (eMILPO) is a web based multi-tiered application. It provides the Army Human Resource Community with a reliable mechanism for performing personnel actions and strength accountability. The System consolidates 43 Personnel Information Systems in one. This system provides visibility of the location, status, and skills of Soldiers in the United States Army. The primary users of this system are Human Resource Soldiers, Commanders, and First Sergeants. The primary features and functionsRead MoreGraduation Speech : School Rules1640 Words   |  7 Pagesand homework assignments. And on my right there was a chalkboard filled with so much information that it was overwhelming to me eye. The chalkboard was divide up into several section. The information on the chalkboard varied from very important to the students’ minor activities for the day. The board had the students daily evacuation plans, school rules, classroom rules, motivational words, students’ task pad, data sheets of every students’ education progress, students’ parent information, magneticRead MoreWhat Effects to Wireless Technologies Have on Everyday Life and Business Life and How Do These Technologies Enable Widespread Adoption and Innovation?1182 Words   |  5 Pages it was a leverage that propelled them towards becoming globally competitive. But as a mere consumer, it is simply convenience at its finest. Cell phones, Laptops and Tablets that we use today have additional value. We can get emails and other information, anytime and anywhere the technology is available. It is not hard to find a wi reless hot spot because no one wants to be left behind.1 Many internet service providers have also added this as part of the services they offer, especially to businesses

Discussion on the Advantages and Disadvantages of Economic...

Discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of economic globalization At present, economy globalization, which can be defined as the expanding world integration through trade, financial flow and knowledge, has significant effect on developed and developing countries. We are living in a world where people can communicate efficiently and enjoy the freedom of exchange of goods and capital. Due to the economic globalization, the material life today is more colorful than before. However, there are also some arguments about this issue. The advantages of it are pleasing while the disadvantage should not be ignored at the same time. In this essay, the both sides of economic globalization will be discussed. The positive effects of economic†¦show more content†¦The first drawback of economic globalization is the job loss in the developed countries. As the result of outsourcing, the production worker and service workers are forced to face the problem that they will lose their jobs, for they have no superiority in the competition with the workers in the third world countries. According to the Economic Policy Institute (2010), along with the growing trade deficit with China, the US had lost 2.4 million jobs between 2001 and 2008. Another example is thanks to the influx of Chinese goods, there were 300,000 textile workers in South Africa had lost their jobs (Asia Times. April 26, 2005). Meanwhile, the financial interdependency is also one of the disadvantages. If the economy of one area collapses, the negative effects will spread to and destroy the economy of other areas owing to the interconnectedness of the global market (Joseph, 2008). It is not exaggerative to say that the colla pse of subprime mortgage market in US caused the global financial crisis and recession. The third is that the environmental degradation caused by the expansion of economy (Paul, 2008). The lower pollution regulation can attract the cooperation to invest in the developing countries. Despite the high economic growth in China, the severe pollution is blamed for the deterioration of the environment. Recently, a court in Ecuador announced that the Chevron Crop has to pay a penalty of 95 billion in total. The toxic substance in the effluent causedShow MoreRelatedIr and Glocalization1154 Words   |  5 PagesIr and globalization CONENT: Introduction Body 1. What is Globalization and how it is related with the International Relations; 2. Advantages and Disadvantages of the Globalization; 3. Effectiveness of the Globalization Conclusion NTRODUCTION In my work I talk about the Globalization and its relation with the Globalization where I dwelled upon the Globalization. In the second part I did survey and focused on the advantages and disadvantages of globalization as the statistics show.After hammeringRead MoreGlobalization1301 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization Globalization: Key Term Choice The key term globalization was chosen for this research paper due to the significant role it plays in the business world. Business professionals need to have a broad understanding of how globalization impacts the economy and creates different interactions among nations. By immersing themselves in how globalization functions, business professionals can make effective and successful investment, marketing, and management decisions. Furthermore, the advancesRead MoreGlobilization and the World Economy Essay1386 Words   |  6 Pagesincorporates both opportunities and risks which change the way businesses are managed worldwide. It brings about a well-diversified portfolio for such a company. This is because the company is guarding itself from huge losses in case of economic uncertainty. Significant gain in one company can cover for the losses made in another company. By this, the globalise company would experience constant cost pressure which entice them to continuously produce and improve on its activitiesRead MoreThe Fashion Industry And Manufacturing Process842 Words   |  4 Pageslife, each works its way through the many facets of the manufacturing process. The Fashioned Body: Fashion, Dress, Modern Social Theory notes that â€Å"to understand fashion, it is necessary to go beyond the discussion of pure aesthetics. It is a chain of [events], which are industrial, economic and cultural, as well as aesthetic† (p. 220). Simply put, the fashion industry and manufacturing process is like an unintentional collaborative process - one that brings society together through each of theRead MoreCritical Thinking of Globalization1030 Words   |  5 Pagesphenomenon Globalization, initiated by the Silk Road which linked Europe and China has widely broadened in today’s scenario. It is defined as a progression of unification of diverse countries across the globe enhanced by foreign trade, international investment, flow of technology and labour. Globalization has diversely affected the political, social, cultural condition of various countries in negative and positive manner. (1) (10) 2)Argument Against Globalization 2.1) Global Economic Recession-Read MoreImpact of Globalization on Indian Economy1572 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization is the new notion that has come to rule the world since the nineties of the last century with the end of the cold war. The frontlines of the state with increased reliance on the market economy and renewed belief in the private capital and assets, a process of structural alteration encouraged by the studies and influences of the World Bank and other International organisations have started in many of countries. Also Globalisation has brought in new avenues to developing countries. GreaterRead MoreDirect And Indirect Exporting. Mba 6570. Ashley C. Brown.968 Words   |  4 Pages Direct and Indirect Exporting MBA 6570 Ashley C. Brown Direct and Indirect Exporting Exporting has heavily impacted and increased globalization over the years. Exporting can increase profitability and has proven successful as shown by the European Union who exported over â‚ ¬90 billion in 2010 in just the agri-food industry (Fernà ¡ndez-Olmos et al., 2014). Companies that choose to participate in exporting can either choose to export directly or indirectly. 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Research Methodology Methods and Techniques Free Essays

Research acts as a platform for all the statistical manipulations and filtration of data and interpreting the results thereof, solving the defined problem to be search upon. The role of measurement and statistics in social science research is treated sensitively and competently. The term Research basically refers to search of knowledge is widely used in the area of Academics and various Industries as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques or any similar topic only for you Order Now Our brain starts working and we feel that it is something related to finding new areas, collecting all related information’s and preparing a consolidated report. As the management students we are expected to have good knowledge and practice of these topics. Hence before going into the technical knowledge of these topics let’s understand the basic meaning of the terms Research Methods. Research Methods includes the concepts as they relate to a particular discipline or field of inquiry is a collection of theories, concepts or ideas; comparative study of different approaches; and critique of the individual methods. Research methodology, as introduced in this book, is a means to understand the ways in which social science research produces multiple accounts of the world. Further, methodology specifies how the researcher may go about practically studying whatever he or she believes can be known. Regarding the organization, the study material consists of 8 chapters, well arranged in a coherent manner with an intention to serve as a study material for MBA  students. The different sections of this study material are:Introduction to Research Methods, which basically describes the role of Research, the steps in the process considered carrying out a research, the different types of  research and brief information about ethics of a good research. Research Problem and Research Design, describing the concept, purpose and importance of a research  problem, the steps involved in defining and selecting a research problem; meaning, need, features and elements of a Research Design and the various types. Methods  of Data Collection, giving out the introduction of two types of data-Primary and Secondary, their collection procedure and the different methods and techniques  used in their collection. Data Processing and Analysis develops the understanding of collection of data, its arrangement and analysis. Measurement  and Scaling Techniques describes various types of measurement scales with the important scale construction techniques. Sampling Design helps to understand the  concepts of sampling and types of Sampling. Testing of Hypothesis gives the detailed concept about developing a hypothesis, its testing using various tests and  concluding the final result. Report Writing briefs various points to be kept in mind while compiling a report. Introduction to Research Role of Research in Business Decision‘s  Ã‚  Research is a process of using the methods of science to the art of management for decision- making. Every organization operates under some degree of uncertainty.  This uncertainty cannot be eliminated completely, although it can be minimized with the help of research methods. Research is particularly important in the decision  making process of various business organizations. To choose the best line of action (in the light of growing competition and increasing uncertainty); it is very  important that one should be able to gather all the data, analyze it and reach to the appropriate decisions. Research in common context refers to a search for  knowledge. It can also be defined as scientific and systematic search for gaining information and knowledge on a specific topic or phenomena. In  management research is extensively used in various areas. Research provides a base for your business sound decision – making. There are three parts involved in any  of your systematic finding: Implicit question posed, explicit answer proposed and Collection, analysis, and interpretation of the information leading from the  question to answer Illustration. Research comprises of defining and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions; making  deductions and reaching conclusions; and at last carefully testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis?. Market Research has become an important part in management decision-making. Marketing research is a critical part of such a Market intelligence system; it  helps to improve management decision making by providing relevant, accurate, timely information. Every decision poses unique needs for information gathered  through marketing research. Thus, we can say that marketing research is the function that links the Consumer, Customer, and the public to the marketer  through information used to identify and define marketing opportunities and problems; Generate, Refine, and evaluate marketing actions and monitor marketing  performance; improve understanding of marketing as a process.  1. Research Process  Ã‚  1. 2. 1. Selecting A Topic: Topic is related to the area of interest. Literature Search: A researcher should be aware of the current research in the related area and further scope of expansion.  Ã‚  1. 2. 3. Discussion with â€Å"Informants and Interested Parties† Sampling (described in Chapter VI) Formulating Your Hypothesis (described in Chapter VII) Questionnaire Design -Translating the broad objectives of the study into questions that will obtain the necessary information.  Ã‚  1. 2. 7. Fieldwork – Collection of data through questionnaire or interview  Ã‚  1. 2. 8. Data Processing – coding and inputting the responses  Ã‚  1. 2. . Statistical Analysis (hypotheses testing)  Ã‚  1. 2. 10. Assembly of Results  Ã‚  1. 2. 11. Writing up the Results- drawing conclusions / interpretations and relating the findings to other research. You will have been given separate notes on report  writing. Types of Research A research can be classified as follows Exploratory Research Descriptive Research Analytical Research Causal Research Quantitative Research Qualitative Research Conceptual Research Modeling Research1. Exploratory Research:  The Exploratory Research structures and identifies new problems; it is an initial research which is commonly unstructured, informal   research that is undertaken to gain background information about the general nature of the research problem, without having any specific end-objective. It is  usually conducted when the researcher does not know much about the problem and needs additional information or desires new or more recent information. A research  that analyzes the data and explores the possibility of obtaining as many as relationships as possible between different variables of the study.  Ex: – Literature Survey, Experience survey. Descriptive Research:  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚   Descriptive research is more rigid than exploratory research, this research carries out specific objectives and hence it results to a  definite conclusion. Descriptive research is undertaken to provide answers to questions of who, what, where, when, and how – but not why. For example, it describes  users of a product, determines the proportion of the population that uses a product, or predicts future demand for a product or describes the happening of a certain  6  Ã‚  Market Research   ADL-10  Ã‚  phenomenon. As opposed to exploratory research, if you are doing descriptive research you should define questions, people surveyed, and the method of analysis prior  to beginning data collection. Analytical research:  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ This type of research is used where information is already available, and analyzes these to make a critical evaluation of the material.  Analytical research takes descriptive research one stage further by seeking to explain the reasons  behind a particular occurrence by discovering causal relationships. Once causal relationships have been discovered, the search then shifts to factors that can be  changed (variables) in order to influence the chain of causality. Typical questions in analytical research are: What factors might account for the high drop-out  rate on a particular degree programme? Typical methods used in analytical research include: Causal Research: – Casual Research seeks to find cause and affect relationships between variables. It accomplishes this goal through laboratory and field  experiments. Quantitative Research: – This research answers the questions about data that can be measured in terms of quantity or amount. It is applicable to  phenomena that can be expressed in terms of quantity. Qualitative Research: – This research involves analysis of data such as words (e. g. , from interviews), pictures (e. g. , video), or objects (e. g. , an  artifact). Answer questions about nature of phenomena in order to describe phenomena and understand it from the participant‘s point of view.1. 3. 7 Conceptual Research: – This type of research is related to some ideas or theory and generally used by philosopher. Modelling Research: – This type of research is related to business situation where business situation is formulated into different types of model.Ex:-Mathematical model, simulation models1. Criteria of good research One thing that is important is the research work and the studies meet on the common ground of the scientific method. One expects scientific research to satisfy the  following criteria.  1. The purpose of research should be clearly defined and common concepts be used.7  Ã‚  Market Research   ADL-10  Ã‚  2. The research procedure used should be described in sufficient detail to permit another researcher to repeat the research for further advancement.  3. The procedural design of the research should be carefully planned to yield results that are as objective as possible.  4. The researcher should report with complete frankness, flaws in procedural designs and estimate their effects upon the findings.  5. The analysis of data should be sufficiently adequate to reveal its significance and the methods of analysis used should be appropriate.  6. Conclusion should be considered to those justified by the data of the research and limited to those for which the data provide an adequate basis.  7. Greater confidence in research is warranted if the researcher is experienced, has a good reputation in research.  Ã‚  In other words we can state the qualities of a good research as under: Good research is systematic: it means that research is structured with specified steps to be taken in a specific sequence in accordance with well defined set of  rules. Good research is logical: this implies that research is guided by the rules of logical reasoning and logical process of induction and deduction are of great  value in carrying out research. Good research is empirical: it implies that research is related basically to one or more aspects of real situation and deals with concrete data that provides a  basis for external validity to research results. Good research is replicable: this characteristic allows research results to be verified by replicating the study and thereby building a sound basis for  decisions. Ethics of Research As a profound social activity, research connects us to those who will use it, to those whose research we used, through them, to the research that our sources used;  Hence beyond technique, we need to think about ethics of civil communication. In addition to construction of bonds within any community, ethics deal with a range of  moral and immoral choices; Research challenges us to define individual moral principles; Academic researchers are less tempted to sacrifice principle for a  gain than commercial researchers. Plagiarism, claiming credit for results of others, misreport sources or invent results, data with questionable accuracy, destroy  or conceal sources and data important for those who follow beyond simple moral. Do not to what we should affirmatively do, i. e. concern for the integrity of the  work of the community combined with narrow moral standards with the larger ethical dimension. Research done in the best interests of others is also in your own. 8  Market Research   ADL-10  Ã‚  End Chapter quizzes: 1. Research, in management, forms a base for a) Gathering knowledge  b) Interpretation of information  c) Business decision-making d) Reaching to conclusions 2. In research process, what is the next step after Defining the problem definition? a) Determine the Sampling design b) Review of Literature  c) Hypotheses Testing  d) Data interpretation and analysis 3. A research that analyzes the data and explores the possibility of obtaining as many as relationships as possible between different variables of the study, is  known as:   a) Exploratory Researchb) Analytical Research  c) Quantitative Research d) Descriptive Research 4. Observations, case studies and surveys are methods which are implemented under:   a) Quantitative Research b) Analytical Research  c) Conceptual Research d) Exploratory Research 5.Mathematical and simulation models are examples of:   a) Descriptive Research b) Conceptual Research c) Qualitative research  d) Modeling Research 6. Which statement, out of the following, doesn‘t cater to the Research Ethics?   a) Concern for the integrity of the work b) Define individual moral principles  c) Plagiarism  d) Work community with moral standards 7.Research, seeking to explain the reasons behind a particular occurrence by discovering causal relationships, can be defined as:   a) Causal Research   b) Modeling Research c) Qualitative Research d) Analytical Research 8. A descriptive research describes the users of a product, determines the proportion of the population that uses a product, or predicts future demand for a product a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Disagree d) Strongly disagree 9. Quantitative Research does not deal in: a) Figures b) Amount c) Relationships d) Quantities 10. Complete the statement: In addition to construction of bonds within any community, ethics deal with a range of a) Sacrifice people for a gain b) Claiming credit for results of others c) Moral and immoral choices d) Concealing objections that cannot be rebutted 1 Research Problem and Research Design Contents: 2. 1 Introduction 2. 2 What is a Research Problem? 2. 3 How to Select the Problem 2. 3. 1 Sub-problem(S) 2. 3. 2 Statement of the Problem 2. 3. 3 Steps Involved In Defining A Problem 2. 4 Checklist for Testing the Feasibility of the Research Problem 2. 5 Meaning, Need and Features of a Research Design 2. 6 Different Research Designs 2. 6. 1 Research Design in case of Exploratory Research 2. 6. Research Design in case of Descriptive Research 2. 6. 2. 1 Longitudinal Studies 2. 6. 2. 2 Cross-sectional Studies 2. 6. 3 Research Design in case of Causal Research 11Market Research   ADL-10  Ã‚  2. 1 Introduction  Ã‚  Research forms a cycle. It starts with a problem and ends with a solution to the problem. The problem statement is therefore the axis which the whole research  revolves around, because it explains in short the aim of the research.  Ã‚  2. 2 What is a Research Problem?  Ã‚  A research problem is the situation that causes the researcher to feel apprehensive, confused and ill at ease. In other words, it refers to some difficulty which a  researcher experiences in context of a situation and wants to obtain the solution for the same. It is the demarcation of a problem area within a certain context  involving the WHO or WHAT, the WHERE, the WHEN and the WHY of the problem situation. There are many problem situations that may give rise to research. Three sources  usually contribute to problem identification. Own experience or the experience of others may be a source of problem supply. A second source could be scientific  literature. You may read about certain findings and notice that a certain field was not covered. This could lead to a research problem. Theories could be a third  source. Shortcomings in theories could be researched.  Ã‚  2. How to Select the Problem  Ã‚  The prospective researcher should think on what caused the need to do the research (problem identification). The question that he/she should ask is: Are there  questions about this problem to which answers have not been found up to the present? Research originates from a need that arises. A clear distinction between the  PROBLEM and the PURPOSE should be made. The problem is the aspect the researcher worries about, thinks about, and wants to find a solution for. The purpose is to  solve the problem, i. e. , find answers to the question(s). If there is no clear problem formulation, the purpose and methods are meaningless.  Ã‚  Keep the following in mind:[pic] Outline the general context of the problem area.  [pic] Highlight key theories, concepts and ideas current in this area.  [pic] What appear to be some of the underlying assumptions of this area? pic] Why are these issues identified important?  [pic] What needs to be solved?  [pic] Read the subject to get to know the background and to identify unanswered questions or controversies, and/or to identify the most significant issues for  further exploration. The research problem should be stated in such a way that it would lead to analytical thinking on the part of the researcher with the aim of possible concluding  solutions to the stated problem. Research problems can be stated in the form of either questions or statements.12  Ã‚  Market Research   ADL-10  Ã‚  [pic] The research problem should always be formulated grammatically correct and as completely as possible. You should bear in mind the wording (expressions) you  use. Avoid meaningless words. There should be no doubt in the mind of the reader what your intentions are.[pic] Demarcating the research field into manageable parts by dividing the main problem into sub- problems is of the utmost importance.   Sub-problem(S) Sub-problems are problems related to the main problem identified. Sub problems flow from the main problem and make up the main problem. It is the means to reach the  set goal in a manageable way and contribute to solving the problem. Statement of the Problem The statement of the problem involves the demarcation and formulation of the problem, i. e. , the WHO/ WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, WHY. It usually includes the  statement of the hypothesis. Steps involved in defining a Problem Statement of a problem should be given in broad general way: For example in case of a social research it is advisable to perform some field operations, collect  the survey, study it, and then phrase the problem in operational terms. Understanding the origin and the nature of the problem clearly: It is essential to know the point of origin of the problem and discuss the problem with those who  has a better knowledge of the concerned area. Survey all the literature available and examine them before defining a research problem. Finally rephrase the research problem in to a walking proposition. Checklist for Testing the Feasibility of the Research Problem YES   NO Is the problem of current interest? Will the research results have social, educational or scientific value? Will it be possible to apply the results in practice? Does the research contribute to the science of education? Will the research opt new problems and lead to further research? Is the research problem important? Will you be proud of the result? Is there enough scope left within the area of research (field of research)? Can you find an answer to the problem through research? Will you be able to handle the research problem? Will it be practically possible to undertake the research? Is the research free of any ethical problems and limitations? Will it have any value? Do you have the necessary knowledge and skills to do the research? Are you qualified to undertake the research? Is the problem important to you and are you motivated to undertake the research? Is the research viable in your situation? Do you have enough time and energy to complete the project?1 Do you have the necessary funds for the research? Will you be able to complete the project within the time available? Do you have access to the administrative, statistic and computer facilities the research necessitates? 16  Ã‚  TOTAL: 2. 5 Meaning, Need and Features of a Research Design A research design is the plan or strategy, which helps in arranging the resources required for research purpose. It acts as a path or blueprint for the researcher. In other words, it is the advanced planning of the steps to be adapted for collection of relevant data and techniques to be used in their analysis keeping different time and budget constraint in mind. Along with the population to be surveyed, size of sample, tools for analyzing data, interpretation of data, it also includes the budget and the time constraints too. 14Market Research   ADL-10  Ã‚  The Design decision is in respect to following terms: What is the study about?  Why to study a particular topic? Where the study will be conducted? Techniques to collect the relevant data? What will be the sample design?  How will the data be analyzed? What is the time required? What is the allocated Budget?  Need for Research Design: It helps for a smooth running of various research operations thereby making the research efficient, gaining maximum information with the  minimum expenditure of time, effort, and money.  Ã‚  The Research Design is divided into following parts:-  Ã‚  Research Design  Ã‚  Operational Design  Sampling Design  Ã‚  Observational Design  Statistical Design  (Sub-divisions of a Research Design)  Ã‚  Sampling Design: It deals with method of selection of samples to be collected /observed for a given study.  Ã‚  Observational Design: It deals with the constraints and exceptions under which the observations are to be made.  Ã‚  Statistical Design: It deals with the editing, coding and analysis of the data gathered.  Ã‚  Operational Design: It deals with the techniques by which the procedures specified in the above designs can be carried out. 15  Market Research   ADL-10  Features of a Good Design  Ã‚  It should define the objective of problem to be studied  It should minimize the biasness and maximize the reliability of data  It should give smallest experimental error  It should be flexible enough to permit the consideration of many different aspects of a phenomenon.Elements of a Research Design:  Ã‚  The important elements of a research design are:  [pic] Introduction: The Research proposal should define the research problem and the researcher‘s  precise interest in studying it. In other words it deals with the scope of study.  Ã‚  [pic] Statement of the problem: It includes the formulation of problem which actually explains the objective of research.[pic] Literature Review: It includes a review of different literatures and articles related to objective  of study. It is performed to get all the information‘s and researches done on the topic earlier.  [pic] Scope of Study: A complete study of any problem is difficult to study as it would entail an overwhelming amount of data. Therefore, the scope and dimensions  of the study should be delimited with reference to its depth, length, and geographical area to be covered, reference period, respondents to be studied and many other  different issues. We should consider the time frames decided for the study and should finish it within the same tome slot.[pic] Objective of Study: The questions to which the researcher proposes to seek answers through the study, comes under objectives. It should be stated clearly. For example: I.To study the nature of †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ II. To investigate the impact of †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. III. To examine the nature of relation between †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ and †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ IV. To identify the causes of †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ The objective statements should not be vague like ? to explore unemployment in India?[pic] Conceptual Model: After completing the above steps the researcher formulates and develops the structure of relationships among the variables under  investigation.  Ã‚  [pic] Hypotheses: A hypothesis is a specific statement of prediction. They refer to different possible outcomes.  Ã‚  16  Market Research   ADL-10  Ã‚  [pic] Operational definition of concepts: It involves the different techniques used in exploratory and descriptive research in operational terms.  [pic] Significance of study: It is a careful statement of the value of the study and the possible applications of its findings which helps to justify purpose of  study, its importance and social relevance.  Ã‚  [pic] Geographical area to be covered: The territorial area to be covered depends on the purpose, nature of study and availability of resources. It should  be decided and specified in the research plan.  [pic] Reference Period: This refers to the time period of which the data is analyzed. Also it depends on the availability of data.  Ã‚  [pic] Sampling Plan: It is the study that requires collection of data from the fields, then we should decide the population to be selected for study and the  sampling design.  Ã‚  [pic] Tools for Gathering data: Personal and Telephonic Interviews, Questionnaire, checklist are different tools for data collection.[pic] Plan of Analysis: This includes the statistical techniques used for editing, coding and analysis of data.  Ã‚  [pic] Chapter Scheme: The chapter scheme of report or dissertation should be prepared to give the outlines and the studies of the research conducted.  Ã‚  [pic] Time Budget: The time period of research should be decided in advance and the research work should not exceed the time limits. This leads to loss of  resources and extra cost is involved.  [pic] Financial Budget: The cost of the project includes major categories like salary, printing, stationery, postage, travel expenses etc. 2. 6 Different Research Designs:2. 6. Research Design in case of Exploratory Research: -It is also termed as Formulative Research Studies. In this case we do not have enough understanding of the  problem. Its main purpose is more precise investigation about the objective of study. It is particularly useful when researchers lack a clear idea of the problems  they will meet during the study. Through this the researcher develops more clear concepts, establishes priorities, develop operational definitions also. This means  that a general study will be conducted without having any end-objective except to establish as many relationships as possible between the variables of study. The  Research Design in such studies must have inbuilt flexibility because the research problem broadly defined initially, is transformed into one with more  precise meaning. This type of research lay the foundation for formulation of different hypotheses of research problems. It involves the study of  17  Ã‚  Market Research   ADL-10  Ã‚  secondary data. It rarely involves structured questionnaire, large samples and probability sampling plans. Different types of Exploratory Research  [pic] Literature Survey: It is a study involving a collection of literatures in the selected area in which the researcher has limited experience, and critical  examination and comparison of them to have better understanding. It helps in updating the past data related to the topic of research. It also helps in  formulation of relevant hypothesis if it is not formed.[pic] Experience Survey: It is a survey of experiences of experts/specialists related to the field of research which acts as a database for future research. This  helps in generating ideas with minimum data collection. The decision making in the probabilistic situations is a complex process therefore the study of the  experiences of the executives/researchers can be carried out using experience survey. Bidding of Tenders, Technology forecasting, Manpower and Materials planning,  Production Scheduling, Portfolio Decisions etc. are examples of experience survey.2. 6. 2 Research Design in case of Descriptive Research : – It is carried out with specific objectives and hence a definite end-result. It is structured  research with clearly stated hypothesis or investigative questions. It deals with describing the characteristics associated with the population chosen for  research, Estimates of the proportions of a population that have these characteristics and discovery of relationship among several variables. It is based on large  representative samples. The design in such studies must be rigid and focus attention on the following:  What is the study about and why is it done? Designing methods of data collection. Selecting the sample.  Processing and analysis of data.  Interpretations of Results. Budget and Time Constraints.  Ã‚  For example: to describe characteristics of consumers, sales people, market areas or organizations. Longitudinal Studies Longitudinal studies are time series analyses that make repeated measurements of the same individuals, thus allowing you to monitor behavior such as  brand switching. However, longitudinal studies are not necessarily representative since many people may refuse to participate because of the commitment required. Market ResearchADL-10 cross-sectional analysis is a cohort analysis, which tracks an aggregate of individuals who experience the same event Cross-sectional Studies Cross-sectional studies sample the population to make measurements at a specific point in time. A special type of within the same time interval over time. You can use Cohort analyses for long forecasting of product demand. 2. 6. 3 Research Design in case of Causal Research: -When it is necessary to determine that one variable determines values of other variables, causal research design is used. Thus the relationship between different variables is established. It is a research design in which the major emphasis is on determining a cause-and-effect relationship. When we start the research work it is not necessary that only one type of research is used, we can use a combination of two or all the three types of research. Also research is an unending process, so there may be a clue left, which can initiate a research objective for other researchers. 19  Market Research   ADL-10  Ã‚  End Chapter Quizzes 1. For an appropriate research, there should be a clear distinction between a. Methods and Tools  b. Purpose and Techniques  c. Problem and Methods for implementation d. Problem and Purpose ** 2. Which one of the following does not state the components of a research problem? a. An individual or group having some difficulty  b. There shouldn‘t be any doubt in the mind of researcher with regard to selection of  alternatives**  c. There must be some environment to which the difficulty pertains d. There must be some objectives to be attain How to cite Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques, Essay examples

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