Research skills assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research skills assignment - Essay Example In order to reach profitability, the dynamics of the consumers and specifically the market segment of the product must play a role. In this proposal, the modality of investigating the roles played by the pricing strategy is investigated. At a more specific level, the effect of reducing the prices of the commodity by 15% on the overall market share is reviewed. The impact of reducing prices could be varied and unknown depending on the specific nature of the market. With the emergence of capitalism, the levels of competition are bound to go very high in any particular sector. The result of this capitalism and competition is a decision to create a strategy that would outdo the competitors and increase the market share and customer loyalty. In porters five forces analysis, the factors that are considered are mainly to deal with the level of competition that is exhibited by the players in the sector or business that a firm is involved. Several dynamics play important roles that are related to the segmentation of the market. An important intervention is the inclusion of an intervention mechanism in terms of pricing. The pricing mechanism employed by a firm in its products can either be beneficial or disadvantageous depending on the reaction of the overall market. The price reduction strategy is aimed at creating a best possible position in order to make the products if the company more acceptable. Its effects on the market segment can be unknown. This paper seeks to provide research into the dynamics occasioned by the prize change of the Daz detergents in the UK market. Pickard (2012) explains aims and objectives in a proposal as the core issues to be resolved in a study. It claims that for a study to be conducted, the presence of an aim or objective is imperative and as such a study cannot exist without the same. The specific definition that this study gives is related to the

Illegal Immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Illegal Immigration - Essay Example The federal government, to no one’s surprise, has been no help. The fundamental reason for the flood of immigration from Latin America, specifically Mexico, is the disintegration of the Mexican economy predominantly resulting from free-trade strategies employed by the North American Free Trade Agreement and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The rampant corruption within the Mexican government has also contributed significantly to the collapse of the Mexican economy. â€Å"Due to IMF policies regarding Mexico, its economic output dropped 33 percent in the past two decades† (Small, 2005). During this period, its foreign debt rose 359 percent because of widespread looting of the national coffers. These factors caused the â€Å"collapse of all areas of productive economic activity and employment, is the primary driver of the flood of emigrants desperate to leave Mexico, to find some livelihood for themselves and their families in the United States† (Small, 2005). Stopping immigration into the U.S. from Mexico would further cripple the Mexican economy as evidenced by data collected from the Gallup World Poll. â€Å"Thirty-two percent of Mexican respondents in the Dec., 2005 poll claim to have relatives living abroad, and 15percent of those say their households receive a monthly cash aid from such relatives.† (Rios, Crabtree, 2006) According to the poll, approximately five percent of Mexican households, about 20 million people, obtain financial aid from relatives who immigrated to the U.S. Ending this flow of this greatly needed money southward would be harmful for poor Mexican citizens living in depressed city and rural regions. Obviously Mexicans take immigration laws and American attitudes towards immigration personally, how could they not? They do not understand what harm illegal immigration causes for Americans. â€Å"Mexicans believe that migration benefits not only the home countries and the families of

Educational System In Cambodia Education Essay

Educational System In Cambodia Education Essay Education is very important means to train and build up human resources for development of each country and it is also important for development of child as person. However, educational system in Cambodia has suffered too much during Khmer Rouge Regime from 1975 to 1979. After that period, the government has tried to improve it by cooperated and collaborated with external aid and non-governmental organization (NGOs). According to the Cambodian constitution, it states that the state shall provide free primary and secondary education to all citizens in public school. Citizens shall receive education for at least nine years. Nowadays, though the pupils have no pay the fee, they still have to spend money on other things such as stationery, textbooks, contribution fee etc. Moreover, some provinces students are asked to spent money to teacher for fee; this is the problem that prevent pupil from poor families from attending school. About a half a million Cambodian children from 6 to 11 years old have no access to school, then 50percent of those who entered grade one dropped out of school and had to repeat the class. Those problems are caused by video games, karaoke and the presence of brothel for the students in city, and for female pupils, they could not attend school because of many problems. First, parents are poor, so they cannot provide children to learn and sometime they need their children, especially the girls, to earn money to support the family. Second, the schools are located too far away from their house. Only boy can go to school at some distance from home because they have given accommodation in pagodas near the school. The last one is some parents do not understand about the important of education, so they do not allow their children to attend school. Moreover, the ministry of education has not provided adequate education for minority children. Many children cannot access to school, and there is no provision for schooling in minority languages except for classes provided by private ethic associations. Not only that, there is insufficient special education provision for disabilities children. Even though some organizations co-operated with government to provide school for those, this effort is not yet enough. Then, the quality of education in Cambodia is very poor. Some schools in urban areas have around 60 to 80 students in each class, because there are not enough class for pupils, most schools operated two shifts or three shifts per a day that affect the pupils feeling to study . Other thing is that the limited skilled of teachers reduce the quality of educational system. Technical and pedagogical training for teacher is not up to standard yet. There are many teaching methods such as child-centered learning method has been taught to some teachers; however, teachers still follow the old teaching methods. The last point is the lack of commitment of teacher because they receive a small amount of salary (about $15 to $20 per month) that lead to the low motivation for teaching. Then, they need to find others job to supplement their incomes for survival. In fact, the national government budget allocation to Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport was only 10.3% in 1997 and increase to 12% in 1998, which is still very, in particular when compared to 52% for the defense sector. The government should pay more attention because this sector is the major sector for development the country. Government should provide the high salary to teachers, and build more school all around the country, and national budget allocation for education should be increased promote and facilitate the education to minority children and provide special school for disabled children and promote education for girls, raise awareness of parents about the advantage of education. Finally, the educational system in Cambodia has faced many problems that have to solve immediately. Those problems can be affected on development for country as well. Because of that, the government needs to collaborate or cooperate with international organizations. United Nations Organization is an international organization that aim are facilitating collaboration in international law, international peace and security, human right, economics development, social progress and achieving world peace. United Nations has many specialized agencies to operating the problems of member states. Those including UNDP, UNICEF, WHO, FAO and UNESCOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.and so on. However, we only focus on three specialized agencies because these agencies are very important for development in developing countries. First, UNDP is the UN global development network. It promotes for change and connects countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people to build a better life. The specialized agency has countries offices in 166 countries, where it works with local government to meet development challenges and develop local capacity. UNDP administrator is the third highest ranking official of United Nations after the United Nations Secretary-general and Deputy Secretary-general, and its headquartered is in New York. UNDP is funded by voluntary contribution from member states. UNDP helps the countries to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). MDG is adopted by United Nations General Assembly to develop the poor countries in 2002. These priority MDGs countries are concentrated is Sub- African, Central America and Andes, Central Asia, and the part of Southeast Asia. Millennium Development Goals is related to poverty, primary education, gender equity, maternal health, child mortal ity, HIV/AIDs, malaria and other diseases, environmental sustainability and global partnerships for development. Second, UNICEF was created by United Nations General assembly on December 11, 1946 to provide emergency food and healthcare to children in countries that had been destroyed by World War II. UNICEF provides long-term humanitarian and development assistance to children and mothers in developing countries. UNICEF support child health and nutrition, quality basic education for all boys and girls, access to clean water and sanitation and the protection of children from violence, exploitation and AIDs. In 1953, UNICEF became United Nations System and its name had shortened from United Nations International Childrens Emergency Fund and its headquartered is in New York City. UNICEF fund is provided by voluntary contribution of government, businesses, foundations and individuals. Third, UNESCO is a specialized agency of the United Nations which established on 16 November 1945. Headquarter of organization is in Paris, with over 50 field offices and many specialized institutes and based in throughout the world. Its objectives is to contribute to peace and security by promoting international cooperation through education, culture, and science in order to further universal respect for justice, the rule of law, and the human rights along with fundamental freedoms declared in the Charter of UN. UNESCO pursues its objectives through five major programs: education, natural sciences, social sciences, culture, and communication and information. Projects sponsored by UNESCO include literacy, technical assistance, and teacher-training programs, science programs, the promotion of independent media and press freedom, regional and cultural history projects, the promotion of cultural diversity; international cooperation agreements to save the world cultural and natural herit age (World Heritage Sites) and to protect human rights, and attempts to bridge the worldwide digital divide. UNESCO in Cambodia has worked through with the local authority and NGOs. UNESCO focused on its activities through five major agendas such as education, culture, natural sciences, social and human sciences, and information and communication. First, in education, UNESCO has developed the policy and strategies for ECCE (Early Childhood Care and Education), introducing global level policy trend and innovative practices, and contributing to draft the policy on ECCE by providing advisory services. Moreover, UNESCO has improved on teacher education by providing policy framework and policy choices for developing teacher professional standards and appropriate measurement, designing incentives to motivate the teachers for better teaching and student learning, deploying qualified teachers to rural and remote areas. Then, UNSECO has focused on technical vocational education and training, HIV/AIDs prevention education, and education and planning management. As the chairs of educational sector wor king group, UNESCO has played an important role in facilitating well coordinated and professional response from the donor community to the demands of the education development and the request from government. The main partner in education of UNESCO is Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sport (MoEYS). UNESCO assists MoEYS for the formulation and establishment of national education framework and policy to outreach broader populations. A number of education policy are formulated with technical support from UNESCO and other development partners including: National Non- Formal Education Policy, the National Plan of Action for Non- Formal Education, the policy on School Health and policy on Education for Children with Disabilities, and National ICT (Information and Communication for Technology) policy and strategy. Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are the international development goal which focus on eight problems such as eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, achieve universal education, promote gender equality and empower women, reduce child mortality, improve maternal health, combat HIV/AIDs and other diseases, ensure environmental sustainability, and develop a global partnership for development. However, in Cambodia, because of recognizing the major constraint to development is the continued contamination of mines and explosive remnants of war, the Royal Government of Cambodia added the de-mining and victims assistance as the ninth major development goal. Then, on the topic of the second goal of CMDGs, it is mention about Achieve Universal Nine-year basic Education that took root of the Education for all by ensure that all children will complete primary schooling by 2010 and Nine-year basic schooling by 2015. UNICEF in Cambodia has provided de-worming tablet to 95 percent of children in primary school. Moreover, UNICEF has supported the financial assistance for the salary of community preschool teacher in order to improve the preschool to all children. According governments statistics, the pre-primary school enrollment rate of Cambodians five year old in school year 2006-2007 was 27.7% including state, community, home-based, and preschool classes. Then, Cambodian government and UNICEF official maintain that early childhood development program have proved over and over that preschool encourages on time enrollment in primary school and improve academic performance. In sum up, those organizations are important for improving or promoting the all sector in Cambodia, especially in educational sector which is important sector for development. However, the government should contribute to promoting as well, so our country will achieve all goals early. Since you focused on the roles and frameworks of MDGs, UNICEF, UNESCO, you have known that those frameworks are suitable for improving the education in Cambodia. However, do these agencies and government can promise that they will improve or promote education well as they expect? According to the statistic from reports, the primary school projects have been complete successfully. In 2000, there are around 85% to 86% of children from urban area can attend school, and for the children in rural area, there are approximately 82% to 83% go to school, but the children living in the remote area can attend school only 60% to 63%. From one year to year, the numbers of attending school from those three areas are increasing gradually. In fact, in 2009, in remote area the children attend school about 90.3%. Surprisingly, the urban children which had the figure higher than others do not increasing dramatically as the rural area in 2000. Rural areas children go to school much more than the urban areas children, is 95% and 92.2%. Nevertheless, projects to promoting the secondary school is seem failed because the target of project predicted that about 65.3% in 2009 for the children attending secondary school, but in reality, there are only 31.9 for students attending school. By the way, gender disparities in primary school have been eliminated and regional disparities have also been eradicated. Then, the proportion of 6-14 years old out of school is stagnating. Based on the data from CMDGs, the flow of the line of graph is smooth from 1997 until 2003, but in 2004 the figures of the data is increasing from 18.7% to 19.81%. Nonetheless, the expected target is only 14.4% in 2008 for the out of school students, so it seems not go beyond as expectation. Literacy rates of 15 to 24 years old; therefore, in 1998 there is around 82%of literacy. CMDGs expected that in 2009, there would be about 92.1% for literacy, but in actual, there is around 87.47% for literacy because the line of the graph was increasing slowly. In sum up, education in Cambodia become better than before. Even so, those agencies need to improve or promote more because as you known, the education is the important sector for develop country. Then, in case education in Cambodia does not good, how could Cambodia improve or develop country well? After you have understood about the roles and frameworks, effect of the agencies, you can say that though they could not achieve all goals as setting, but they could improve or promote the education in Cambodia. As you can see, educational system in Cambodia has suffered too much during Khmer Rouge Regime from 1975 to 1979. After that period, the government has tried to improve it by cooperated and collaborated with external aid and non-governmental organization (NGOs). About a half a million Cambodian children from 6 to 11 years old have no access to school, then 50% of those who entered grade one dropped out of school and had to repeat the class. Those problems are caused by video games, karaoke and the presence of brothel for the students in city, and for female pupils, they could not attend school because of many problems. Due to these problems, the Cambodian government tries to pay attention on education systems because as mentioned before, education is very important means to train and build up human resources for development of each country and it is also important for development of child as person. If Cambodian people poor at the knowledge, how could Cambodia has been developed to become the strong country as the neighboring countries. Moreover, the IOs (International organizations) also pay attention on education sector as well. They try to encourage and collaborate with Cambodian government to improving the education systems. As mentioned, According to the Cambodian constitution, it states that the state shall provide free primary and secondary education to all citizens in public school. Citizens shall receive education for at least nine years. Then, IOs have also contributed to improvement as well. First, UNESCO has improved on teacher education by providing policy framework and policy choices for developing teacher professional standards and appropriate measurement, designing incentives to motivate the teachers for better teaching and student learning, deploying qualified teachers to rural and remote areas. Moreover, UNESCO has played an important role in facilitating well coordinated and professional response from the donor community to the demands of the education development and the request from government. Second, CDMGs is mention about Achieve Universal Nine-year basic Education that took root of the Education for all by ensures that all children will complete primary schooling by 2010 and Nine-year basic schooling by 2015. Third, UNICEF has supported the financial assistance for the salary of community preschool teacher in order to improve the preschool to all children. According governments statistics, the pre-primary school enrollment rate of Cambodians five year old i n school year 2006-2007 was 27.7% including state, community, home-based, and preschool classes. Then, Cambodian government and UNICEF official preserve that early childhood development program have proved over and over that preschool encourages on time enrollment in primary school and improve academic performance. In conclusion, some problems the state could not deal with by herself, so she needs the assistance from NGOs, IGOs, and so on. However, in case the states do not pay attention with those problems, the solution still cannot meet. As Cambodia, because the government and specialized agencies try to cooperate each other, the education system seem improve a little by a little. In my opinion, in future, Cambodia will decrease the rate of illiteracy from time to time.

Physics of the Microwave Oven Essay example -- physics kitchen microwa

Physics is in every area of life from the starry skies we see at night to the cells inside our bodies. Even what might appear to be the simplest thing is actually very complex when one looks at the details. Physics helps us understand the basics of how life operates. Microwave ovens are often used to reheat left over food, cook TV dinners and frozen foods, and to quickly heat food but is seldom recognized and understood by those who use them. People typically don’t know how a microwave oven operates, how it is structured, or how the food is actually heated. Microwaves were first created in 1947 being 1.8 meters in height and 750 lbs created by Percy Spencer while building magnetrons for radar sets during World War II. The magnetrons would allow the radar sets to indicate where the enemy machinery was located, since the microwaves would reflect off metal. When Percy Spencer was working with the microwaves he noticed that a chocolate bar melted when exposed to the microwaves. Testing the capability of the microwave to cook food he used first popcorn which was successful and secondly an egg which exploded. The first microwaves, then called the Radarange, were used only in the military and for large restaurants due to their size, then the size was decreased in the 1952's and was priced $1295 which models the microwaves we see in households today. According to Miriam-Webster's Dictionary an electromagnetic wave is "one of the waves that are propagated by simultaneous periodic variations of electric and magnetic field intensity and that include radio waves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X rays, and gamma rays." What this actually means is that electromagnetic waves have both electric and magnetic fields that o... ...g tough many people will stick a moist paper towel or napkin over the bread lockingthe moisture in and keeping it soft. TV dinners as we all know are usually made for the microwave as well as other types of quick meal foods. These foods usually are frozen so they have a substantial amount of moisture which evaporates unneeded water, but doesn’t dry out the food as it is being cooked. As many have heard it is not a good idea to cook an egg in the microwave, as the inside of the egg heats up it expands, however the shell on the outer surface is a solid rather than a fluid so it doesn’t expand as rapidly or as much as the liquids on the inside do therefore causing the egg shell to break. An egg shell break is not typically such a bad thing on the stove since the egg is being slowly warmed up, but in the microwave it heats up even more quickly and explodes.

Hallas Company Essay

Hallas Company manufactures a fast-bonding glue in its Northwest plant. The company normally produces and sells 40,000 gallons of the glue each month. This glue, which is known as MJ-7, is used in the wood industry to manufacture plywood. The selling price of MJ-7 is $35 per gallon, variable costs are $21 per gallon, fixed manufacturing overhead costs in the plant total $230,000 per month, and the fixed selling costs total $310,000 per month. Strikes in the mills that purchase the bulk of the MJ-7 glue have caused Hallas Company’s sales to temporarily drop to only 11,000 gallons per month. Hallas Company’s management estimates that the strikes will last for two months, after which sales of MJ-7 should return to normal. Due to the current low level of sales, Hallas Company’s management is thinking about closing down the Northwest plant during the strike. If Hallas Company does close down the Northwest plant, fixed manufacturing overhead costs can be reduced by $60,000 per month and fixed selling costs can be reduced by 10%. Start-up costs at the end of the shutdown period would total $14,000. Since Hallas Company uses Lean Production methods, no inventories are on hand. Required: 1. Assuming that the strikes continue for two months, would you recommend that Hallas Company close the Northwest plant? Explain. Show computations to support your answer. 2. At what level of sales (in gallons) for the two-month period should Hallas Company be indifferent between closing the plant or keeping it open? Show computations. (Hint: This is a type of break-even analysis, except that the fixed cost portion of your break-even computation should include only those fixed costs that are relevant [i.e., avoidable] over the two-month period.) No, the company should not close the plant; it should continue to operate at the reduced level of 11,000 gallons produced and sold each month. Closing will result in a $140,000 greater loss over the two-month period than if the company continues to operate. Additional factors are the potential loss of goodwill among the customers who need the 11,000 gallons of MJ-7 each month and the adverse effect on employee morale. By closing down, the needs of  customers will not be met (no inventories are on hand), and their business may be permanently lost to another supplier.

Introduction to Marketing and Creative Product Promotion

Introduction to Marketing and Creative Product Promotion NME The New Musical Express also known as the NME is a popular music publication in the United Kingdom. NME has published weekly since March 1952. It started as a music newspaper, and gradually moved toward a magazine during the 1980s. Market PenetrationMarket Penetration that NME has done is created a magazine yearly subscription this is market penetration because the product is not being changed its just offering a new way of being able to purchase the product. It still appeals to the same market and people who read and by the magazine. Product DevelopmentOne way that NME has developed its products are to host stages at festivals, with bands that they support. They advertise their products through this stage and at Reading and Leeds festival these having become well known stages. | Market DevelopmentA type of market development that NME has done is creating NME. com, a website which holds the same content as the magazine but appeals to people who use the internet a lot rather than buying a magazine. | Diversification One way that NME has used diversification is by sponsoring a UK tour known as the NME Tour.These tours appeal to different people and it is a completely new product. | Existing Products New Products Survival Strategies NME stays on top of the market by without fail having a weekly edition to the magazine with new and exclusive information in the music scene. It gives updates on top flight bands, as well as looking at new and upcoming music artists which makes it different to many other magazines. The magazine also runs regular competitions to win tickets to music events, which appeals to the customers as it is a music magazine.NME also advertises a large amount and has its own radio station and TV programme, which they use to advertise their main products being the magazines and ticket sales. Relationship Marketing NME uses relationship marketing in a way by creating monthly subscriptions t o avid readers at a cheaper price. The weekly price of the magazine is ? 2. 20 however you can get a monthly subscription of the magazine for just ? 6. 50 a month which annually saves the customer 36%. This is a good saving and customers can be enticed to subscribe by the savings, also the longer you subscribe to the magazine the better savings you gain.Another way NME uses relationship marketing is by offering customers free CD’s and posters with the magazine this makes the customers feel as if they are getting more for their money and keeps them more happy as they are receiving more than they usually pay for when buying the magazine. Branding NME uses brand extension by creating one of magazine specials which cost more and include large amounts specific information these magazines appeal mostly to people how are interested in that certain topic.NME uses brand positioning because it is the only magazine that looks at up and coming bands instead of just well known artists, it is also mainly focused on the alternative genre of music. NME builds their brand by having events such as the NME awards this gains a large amount of publicity and helps NME gain customers and also informs the public about the music that they report on. Wilkinson Wilkinson is a British high street discount chain with over 300 stores, selling primarily home wares and household goods.Founded in 1930 Wilkinson Cash Stores by James Kemsey Wilkinson, the company has remained largely in the hands of the founding family since. Market PenetrationAn example of Wilkinson’s Market penetration is that in the 1950s there was a rise in the use of labour saving devices and DIY. Wilkinson responded by making this type of product the focus of its sales. They did this by ensuring that their products were a lot cheaper than the rest of the market. | Product DevelopmentOne way that Wilkinson has developed its products are In the 1960s customers wanted more convenience shopping.Wilkinson started selling groceries and supermarket goods and created the Wilko brand. In the 1980s Wilkinson extended its range of low-cost products to include quality clothing, toys, toiletries and perfumes. | Market DevelopmentA way that Wilkinson have developed there market is in 1995 it opened a central distribution centre in Worksop, serving stores in the north of England and in 2004, a new distribution centre opened in Wales. This is because they are creating new markets by opening more stores across the UK. | Diversification In 2005 Wilkinson launched its Internet shopping service, offering over 800,000 product lines for sale online.It created new products to sell online which will appeal to a different market. | Existing Products New Products Relationship Marketing Wilkinson wanted to satisfy customers with their needs met by the Wilkinson range of products. A marketing campaign was launched which focused on a range of promotional tactics, designed to appeal to university students. Wilkinso n attended fresher’s fairs and gave out free goody bags with sample products directly to students. Direct mail flyers were sent to homes and student halls prior to students arriving.Advertisements with a fun theme for example, an advert showing frying pans as tennis racquets, offering discounts of 15% with first purchase using the online store. They were given gift vouchers and free wall planners. The challenge was to get students into Wilkinson stores. The opportunity was to capture a new customer group at an early stage and provide essential items all year round. This would lead to a committed customer group and secure business. Survival Strategies Wilkinson attempts to stay on top of its market by always having the cheapest products which maintain a good quality for the cost they are.Their main competitors are places such as Poundland however these shops are 99p stores therefore Wilkinson has the edge over these shops as it is deemed as better quality products because they are more expensive however still cheaper than majority of stores. They also now offer home delivery and online shopping compared to smaller competitors none of them do this, so they are also providing better service than other stores. They regularly hold offers for customers making the shop even more appealing using BOGOF and half price techniques to draw in customers. BrandingWilkinson use their own brands to appeal to customers these are more cheaper products and they create a range of different products such as dinnerware to towels. They call these products Wilkinson Premium Ranges which make them seem like they are a cheap alternative to other places and the name premium makes them seem that they are at a higher quality. Wilkinson stores are of an average quality and serve the purpose in which they need to, products are on display in store for customers to use and the store are set out into sections being food, home ware, health and beauty and children’s toys.